SHOO · Steven Madden Ltd. Common Stock
View on chartInsiders & Stakes
| Rosenfeld Edward R. Chief Executive Officer | ▲ Buy | Grant | 823,330 Shares held | 3/15/2026 | View profile |
| VARELA AMELIA President | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 194,632 Shares held | 8/5/2026 | View profile |
| Sachdev Ravi Director | ▲ Buy | Grant | 87,053 Shares held | 5/20/2026 | View profile |
| Frieders Karla Chief Merchandising Officer | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 82,391 Shares held | 6/1/2025 | View profile |
| Mazouzi Zine Chief Financial Officer | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 65,922 Shares held | 3/15/2026 | View profile |
| SINHA AWADHESH K Chief Operating Officer | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 55,507 Shares held | 12/15/2021 | View profile |
| Ciglar Christina Chief Product Officer | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 35,200 Shares held | 6/9/2026 | View profile |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S Director | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 32,555 Shares held | 8/5/2026 | View profile |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY Director | ▲ Buy | Grant | 29,127 Shares held | 5/20/2026 | View profile |
| Ferrara Al Director | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 26,197 Shares held | 8/4/2026 | View profile |
| Keith Lisa VP, General Counsel, Secretary | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 25,149 Shares held | 8/1/2026 | View profile |
| Smith Robert Garrett Director | ▲ Buy | Grant | 20,184 Shares held | 5/21/2025 | View profile |
| MIGLIORINI PETER Director | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 16,830 Shares held | 6/15/2026 | View profile |
| Kumar Maria Teresa Director | ▲ Buy | Grant | 12,224 Shares held | 5/20/2026 | View profile |
| Reed Arian Simone Director | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 8,196 Shares held | 8/5/2026 | View profile |
| Davis Peter Allan Director | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 5,126 Shares held | 8/4/2026 | View profile |
Transaction History
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 15,000 | $729K | 8/5/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 1,250 | $61K | 8/5/2026 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,918 | $190K | 8/5/2026 |
| Ferrara Al | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,918 | $189K | 8/4/2026 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 525 | $25K | 8/4/2026 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 581 | $27K | 8/1/2026 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 4,000 | $181K | 6/15/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 1,100 | $50K | 6/15/2026 |
| Ciglar Christina | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 5,147 | $230K | 6/9/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 475 | $21K | 6/4/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 10,000 | $434K | 6/3/2026 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,030 | $127K | 5/22/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 648 | $26K | 5/20/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| Kumar Maria Teresa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| Ferrara Al | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| Sachdev Ravi | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,964 | $0 | 5/20/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 7,969 | $0 | 3/15/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,010 | $32K | 3/15/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▲ Buy | Grant | 108,384 | $0 | 3/15/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 7,969 | $0 | 3/15/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 713 | $22K | 3/15/2026 |
| Keith Lisa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 1,594 | $0 | 3/15/2026 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 143 | $4K | 3/15/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,600 | $120K | 3/12/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 736 | $27K | 3/1/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 8,554 | $309K | 3/1/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 520 | $19K | 3/1/2026 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 94 | $3K | 3/1/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 433 | $16K | 3/1/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 614 | $22K | 3/1/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 5,594 | $202K | 3/1/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 659 | $24K | 3/1/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 365 | $13K | 3/1/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 465 | $17K | 3/1/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 9,565 | $345K | 3/1/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 9,033 | $326K | 2/28/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 12,928 | $467K | 2/28/2026 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,992 | $219K | 2/1/2026 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,589 | $70K | 2/1/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 24,983 | $0 | 1/7/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,102 | $89K | 1/4/2026 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,718 | $199K | 1/3/2026 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,933 | $82K | 1/2/2026 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,712 | $121K | 12/11/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 526 | $23K | 12/1/2025 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 8,331 | $358K | 12/1/2025 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 15,000 | $639K | 12/1/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 12,473 | $526K | 11/25/2025 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,500 | $105K | 11/25/2025 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,000 | $126K | 11/25/2025 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 660 | $26K | 11/12/2025 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 795 | $24K | 9/12/2025 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,312 | $58K | 8/4/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 511 | $12K | 8/1/2025 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 581 | $14K | 8/1/2025 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,167 | $53K | 6/1/2025 |
| Ferrara Al | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| Sachdev Ravi | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| Smith Robert Garrett | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| Kumar Maria Teresa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,860 | $0 | 5/21/2025 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▲ Buy | Open Market | 4,000 | $102K | 5/12/2025 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,200 | $57K | 5/12/2025 |
| Ferrara Al | ▲ Buy | Open Market | 4,000 | $104K | 5/12/2025 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 25 | $580 | 5/9/2025 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,345 | $70K | 5/1/2025 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▲ Buy | Grant | 134,387 | $0 | 3/14/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 9,881 | $0 | 3/14/2025 |
| Frieders Karla | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,953 | $0 | 3/14/2025 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 9,881 | $0 | 3/14/2025 |
| Keith Lisa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 1,976 | $0 | 3/14/2025 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 933 | $25K | 3/11/2025 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 6,748 | $221K | 3/1/2025 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 94 | $3K | 3/1/2025 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,708 | $89K | 3/1/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,783 | $58K | 3/1/2025 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 5,374 | $176K | 3/1/2025 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 35,662 | $1.2M | 2/28/2025 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,570 | $64K | 2/1/2025 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 6,742 | $277K | 2/1/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,103 | $88K | 1/4/2025 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,490 | $188K | 1/3/2025 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,058 | $86K | 1/2/2025 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,935 | $123K | 1/2/2025 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 8,330 | $380K | 11/29/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 372 | $17K | 11/29/2024 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 500 | $23K | 11/25/2024 |
| Kumar Maria Teresa | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 8,646 | $380K | 9/4/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 361 | $15K | 8/2/2024 |
| Keith Lisa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 8,044 | $0 | 8/1/2024 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,000 | $131K | 6/12/2024 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 1,600 | $71K | 6/5/2024 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 10,000 | $449K | 6/3/2024 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,176 | $97K | 6/1/2024 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 400 | $17K | 5/29/2024 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| Ferrara Al | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| Kumar Maria Teresa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| Sachdev Ravi | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| Smith Robert Garrett | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,906 | $0 | 5/22/2024 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,345 | $132K | 5/1/2024 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 48,500 | $2.0M | 3/15/2024 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 6,005 | $0 | 3/15/2024 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▲ Buy | Grant | 81,672 | $0 | 3/15/2024 |
| Frieders Karla | ▲ Buy | Grant | 2,402 | $0 | 3/15/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 6,005 | $0 | 3/15/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 7,246 | $302K | 3/14/2024 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,400 | $100K | 3/14/2024 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 1,200 | $51K | 3/7/2024 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 93 | $4K | 3/1/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,350 | $58K | 3/1/2024 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,760 | $203K | 3/1/2024 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,971 | $170K | 3/1/2024 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 45,787 | $2.0M | 3/1/2024 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 13,379 | $573K | 2/1/2024 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,135 | $49K | 2/1/2024 |
| Keith Lisa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 5,833 | $0 | 2/1/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,169 | $88K | 1/4/2024 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,490 | $184K | 1/3/2024 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,962 | $125K | 1/2/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 871 | $37K | 1/2/2024 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 23,641 | $0 | 1/2/2024 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 16,794 | $705K | 12/14/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 18,009 | $700K | 12/1/2023 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 5,147 | $0 | 12/1/2023 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 300 | $11K | 11/15/2023 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 219 | $7K | 11/1/2023 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 3,989 | $138K | 8/14/2023 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 361 | $13K | 8/3/2023 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 5,000 | $171K | 6/16/2023 |
| Frieders Karla | ▲ Buy | Grant | 21,214 | $0 | 6/1/2023 |
| Smith Robert Garrett | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| Sachdev Ravi | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| Kumar Maria Teresa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| Ferrara Al | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,918 | $0 | 5/24/2023 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,624 | $124K | 5/1/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▲ Buy | Grant | 86,480 | $0 | 3/15/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 58,000 | $2.0M | 3/15/2023 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 7,207 | $0 | 3/15/2023 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,857 | $99K | 3/15/2023 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 7,207 | $0 | 3/15/2023 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,845 | $68K | 3/5/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 11,061 | $407K | 3/5/2023 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,325 | $157K | 3/1/2023 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 107 | $4K | 3/1/2023 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 830 | $30K | 3/1/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 36,223 | $1.3M | 3/1/2023 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 4,022 | $146K | 3/1/2023 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 893 | $33K | 2/1/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 12,357 | $450K | 2/1/2023 |
| Keith Lisa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 4,808 | $0 | 2/1/2023 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,247 | $71K | 1/4/2023 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 35,177 | $0 | 1/3/2023 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,019 | $96K | 1/2/2023 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 871 | $28K | 1/2/2023 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 18,008 | $624K | 12/1/2022 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 219 | $7K | 11/1/2022 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 361 | $12K | 8/3/2022 |
| Smith Robert Garrett | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 2,222 | $87K | 6/8/2022 |
| Reed Arian Simone | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| MIGLIORINI PETER | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| Sachdev Ravi | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| Smith Robert Garrett | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| LYNCH ROSE PEABODY | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| Kumar Maria Teresa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| KLIPPER MITCHELL S | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| Ferrara Al | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| Davis Peter Allan | ▲ Buy | Grant | 3,333 | $0 | 5/25/2022 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,623 | $149K | 5/1/2022 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,318 | $126K | 4/1/2022 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Open Market | 40,000 | $1.6M | 3/16/2022 |
| Mazouzi Zine | ▲ Buy | Grant | 6,445 | $0 | 3/15/2022 |
| Keith Lisa | ▲ Buy | Grant | 1,289 | $0 | 3/15/2022 |
| Frieders Karla | ▲ Buy | Grant | 12,890 | $0 | 3/15/2022 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▲ Buy | Grant | 77,340 | $0 | 3/15/2022 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▲ Buy | Grant | 6,445 | $0 | 3/15/2022 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,037 | $82K | 3/5/2022 |
| Keith Lisa | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 132 | $5K | 3/5/2022 |
| Rosenfeld Edward R. | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 17,678 | $712K | 3/5/2022 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 1,876 | $76K | 3/5/2022 |
| Frieders Karla | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 2,869 | $118K | 3/1/2022 |
| VARELA AMELIA | ▼ Sell | Tax Withholding | 3,363 | $138K | 3/1/2022 |
AI Market Commentary
AI-generatedAll commentary →Synthesized from recent news and fundamentals/technical data -- not human analyst commentary or trader sentiment.
October 16, 2026
Steven Madden's Dolce Vita Gains Momentum Across Sales Channels
Steven Madden reported that its Dolce Vita brand is seeing increased sales across multiple channels. The news comes as the broader footwear market shows signs of stronger growth from rivals such as Birkenstock and a shift toward more promotional activity this fall. These developments suggest the company is positioned within a competitive but expanding segment.
Steven Madden's Dolce Vita Gains Momentum Across Sales Channels. Steven Madden reported that its Dolce Vita brand is seeing increased sales across multiple channels. The news comes as the broader footwear market shows signs of stronger growth from rivals such as Birkenstock and a shift toward more promotional activity this fall. These developments suggest the company is positioned within a competitive but expanding segment.